I would not leave your tractor in 4wd all the time no matter what. The reason is because it creates a lot of stress in the driveline every time you turn.
When the 4wd is locked in and you turn, the front wheels are traveling different distances in the turn from each other and different than the rears, so you create bind all the time. When you have a loaded bucket and you are turning in 4wd, you are really stressing the system. Plus you can wear the tires a lot faster.
I am not saying that leaving it in 4wd is what caused your trouble, but it didn't help. I would guess having those wide tires stuck all the way out probably stressed the bearings and one thing led to another. Based on what you said your circumference numbers were, I wouldn't think you would be introducing so much lead that you would break the driveline.
For what its worth, I don't ever use my 4wd unless I need it, and then I lock it in and as soon as I don't need, I unlock it. Actually, for what I do, I seldom need it.