I am no electrical engineer so I don't know how much more efficient it will be....if any.
Maybe on the user end. But 3phase needs 3 transformers. Transformers generate heat. Heat is wasted energy. Then add three times the cost of replacement, since they will be replacing transformers 3xs more often.....in the long run....may cost more.
And in a residence....it will require more wire. Bigger breaker boxes to accommodate 3-pole breakers, larger recepticals and switches and associated boxes to accommodate the extra wiring. Not to mention. Having to pay special attention to wiring. Don't want to plug that new $1500 fridge in and have the compressor run backwards. Or worse, a $12k HVAC.
Every facet of residential wiring will be much more expensive. The only reason motors are cheaper, is because they are used in industry, so there is a very high demand. But when looking at small fractional HP motors, there really is no cost difference