Yes, you can pack more horsepower into fewer pistons, less displacement, less mass. Energy per piston can be greatly increased.
That’s also an increased amount of heat per piston that must be moved away. And this is better for engine longevity?
But how much does the engine gets babied, how much are you asking 100%? If babied, longevity may not be a noticeable difference.
Loosely related: Sometimes when sizing generators, the same engine-gen set might come in three different “sizes” (say 150, 200, 250 kva). But how can one generator set have three different hp and kva ratings? It came down to how hard is that motor and generator going to work and how often.
A standby generator, that might only run for a few hours or days a year, it’s a 250 kva generator. For an emergency standby, maybe it’s a 200 kva generator. For a primary 24hr/7days a week mining operation that’s off grid, maybe it’s a 150kva generator.
Turbo or not, at the end of the day it’s a judgement on how much do you want to get out of that engine, often at the trade of the longevity. If you want more power, by all means, add the turbo, or bigger turbo, and turn up the pump! That’s why I say there’s no replacement for displacement.