When my mom had her knee replaced, the cost was about $75,000. Her insurance covered most of it and my parents paid when they where required to pay. They never got a list of what they where paying for. When it turned out that the Surgeon had messed up and they had to bring in a specialist to do it all over again, her insurance paid for everything. We never found out what that amount was.
When I had the knee replaced on one of my dogs, the total cost was $2,500. When I asked the surgeon if there was any difference between replacing a dogs knee and replacing a human knee, he said that it was all the same thing. The extra money spent for a human knee is to deal with the regulations and liability issues, along with what we assume is a bigger profit for everyone involved.
A friend back in California is a CFO for a medical clinic with multiple locations from SF to Napa. Her biggest challenge is from being forced by the government to provide service to people in the country legally that plan their trips to the country to get sick and receive treatment. Most of them come from Asia, and once they enter the clinic for an "emergency" they are required to get treatment. The clinic has a fund set aside to handle these people, but it's limited, so they swap people with other clinics and hospitals to maintain their budget. This fund comes from everyone who actually pays for services there. They have to add on to everyones bill a certain amount to have the money available to treat the medical tourists.