The generator runs a self-diagnostic routine unloaded, meaning it does not activate the automatic transfer switch to the house load. The monitoring system on-board the generator does look at the unloaded voltage and frequency. As for loading the generator when it runs during a power outage, I have no idea what the average load is. I do, however, get nasty-grams in the mail from the power company telling me that my household uses xxx more power than the "average consumer." For the life of me, I have no idea why they care about how much power I use since they're selling it to me and make a profit from my usage. Must be all those parasitic loads from the myriad of LED status lights on appliances, power strips, LED nightlights, etc. --- or, their average consumer lives in a tent with only a single 100-watt incandescent lightbulb and a toaster as the load...