When changing one of my truck's air filters a couple of years ago, I found a mouse had packed the air box full of chewed up cloth fibers. It was a hard packed colorful blob of fiber, sucked up tight against the filter,made mostly from a bag of clothes waiting to go to Good Will that was in the garage. When I opened the box I still remember the sick feeling that came over me. Luckily the mouse didn't perforate the filter so a quick cleaning was all that was needed. I check my filters regularly so I know it was built in little time. I now check more often because more can be wrong than a typical dirty filter like is shown in this thread.
BTW, I had noticed my mpgs were down by a few before cleaning, but thought it was typical winter fuel/weather issues. They jumped right back up after cleaning the box. I also checked the air filter in my wife's car at the same time and it was about 1/4 full too. I now have 3 baited mouse traps in my garage at all times.