My day job is working for a small Virginia city as a traffic signal electrician. The MUTCD, which is the federal standard in traffic control, is adopted by the local juristictions. It is not mandatory, however, the "brains" of signalized intersections will not allow the locality to set the min yellow time to less then 3 seconds.
Red light cameras often work on speed sensors that are set a certian distance from the intersection. They calculate your speed versus the min yellow time. If this number crosses a certian threshold, the camera will start taking pictures.
My City has not yet gotten these cameras but we do use cameras for vehicle detection. It's funny listening to people around here talk about the cameras as a "big brother" type thing when all they are there for is to serve the phase they detect.
One thing we are doing to help stop red light running is to put in an all red time. Meaning that all the lights will hold red for a preset amount of time before allowing the next phase to go green. We have also INCREASED our yellow times to help.
It all comes back to personal responsibility, if you don't have it, then the government will do it for you.