If a centrifigual pump is run dead headed, no work is being done (no fluid moved). The energy put into the system is converted to heat since it it not performing work to move the fluid. If left for a long period of time, flashing in the pump will occur and damage results. Short periods of dead head operation is not usually detrimental.
In some large pumps, it is preferable to start the pump with the discharge valve closed as this will limit the duration of the electric current in-rush peak. Once current stabilizes, the discharge valve is slowly opened. Current will be observed to rise from the no flow value until the pump flow and head stabilizes on the pump curve.