Roy,
Sorry I have not replied sooner...been really busy. To answer the question about the "mystery" cover on the injection pump. As we all know diesels are having to meet tougher EPA regs. The larger cover is some sort of tamper-proof cover that only can be removed by a "certified" (or whatever) injection pump service tech. That cover, covers the max fuel adjustment screw. Below (or above, can't recall) there is another smaller plastic cover that covers the max idle speed adjustment.
Of course, it's put there so no one will tamper with the factory settings as they are set to meet these stupid emission standards. Who knows the legalities and such of changing these?
So, for conversational purposes, one could take a pair of needle nose vise-grip pliers and crush the tube in the middle causing it to pop right off. Then, said person could losen the jamb nut and adjust the amount of fuel being injected. Running the bolt counter-clock wise will increase the fuel, clock-wise will lessen the fuel. It's backwards to what you might think. Then tighten the jamb nut. This "hypothetical person" that made these changes will enjoy a little more power with some slight increase in a little greyish-black smoke. Furthermore, said person did not change the max. idle screw to over-rev the engine.
I suppose as someone said before in this thread, you can get into changing the pump timing which involves changing shims, etc., and changing injector sizes to get even more performance.
And of course, with increased fuel, air, blah, blah comes more heat and wear and tear, blah, blah. (Had to cover that before someone else did.)
(BTW, I'm no diesel mech., and really have no clue as to what I'm talking about. So, I guess I would talk to someone who really knows about this stuff!)