Coyotes are incredible resourceful, they live in some of the biggest cites in America, New York City as well as Chicago.
On the east coast, they are actually a hybrid of the western coyote and I believe the Eastern/Gray Wolf. They clearly don’t look like a western coyote (long legged and skinny), they look more like a smaller wolf (stocky with a bulky head). The ones on our property look pretty big, easily 40-50 pounds, not too many lose dogs or cats survive around here for very long.
It’s unfortunate that your neighbor has to try and control their population but I guess that a consequence of allowing his cattle to “free range”. I hear that coyotes will actually modulate their litter size based upon food availability.
You can exterminate the wolf, like we almost did, but not a coyote, they are just to adaptable.