This. I had a similar problem on my work truck. Had to get a couple tows because there truck would slowly quit from no fuel and wouldn't start. Long story short, when I was using the fuel primer I heard some hissing from a couple fittings of the fuel system. I pointed them out to our 'mechanics.' They tightened them, low and behold I didn't have that problem again.It does sound like a fuel thing. Perhaps you have one or more loose delivery lines to injectors allowing fuel to bleed back out. Maybe you have injectors not closing completely. Perhaps your fuel filter is a bit loose. Regardless, it sounds as though you're losing prime somewhere and having to pump fuel back into the lines. You could try cranking without the glow plugs to prime it. Then light the glow plugs and see if it's any better.
Good luck.