It sounds like your battery is fudged.
Every time your battery is discharged and re-charged, electrons are moving from the electrolyte to the lead and zinc plates in the battery. That process is not perfect, and each time electricity moves, a small amount of sulphate (basically a salt crystal) is deposited on the plates. The "deeper" the discharge, the more salt crystals accumulate on the plates. When your battery is at 100% charge and you hit the key and pull several hundred amps through the starter, and even though the engine starts in a few seconds, the battery is discharged down to say 95%. A few minutes of operation and the alternator replenishes that 5% charge that had been drawn off. A normal battery, starter, and charging system will go through a few thousand of these cycles before that sulpation salt accumulation occurs.
Everything changes at 40 below. Chemical reaction in the battery is vastly slowed, and instead of 100% down to 95% during a start cycle, its 100% down to 50%. Sulphation and battery performance degradation occurs much faster.
And if a battery goes down to say 5% charge, the electrolyte will freeze, swell, and break the plates inside the battery loose from their mounts, and possibly short them against one another. That probably won't happen across the whole battery, but just one cell, and the sign of that is one (of the six) cells or segments in a battery getting hot while on the charger or hooked to a boost.
When hooking up the booster cables the dead-battery unit should be hooked up first, its that dead battery that is taking and giving up a charge, and in doing so is "gassing off" potentially explosive gas. All sparking and arcing should be done far away from that. Have the booster vehicle running, with low electrical load in that vehicle (heater fan on low, lights off, heated seats and rear window defogger off) so that the alternator in the booster vehicle does not get over-jolted. The last of the connections to make is the negative cable to the booster vehicle, preferrably to a bare-metal part of the engine or frame brace.
As the last connection is made, observe the size of the "connection spark". If its full-on welding, you probably have the cables backwards, check and re-check. A small spark is normal. No spark probably means your battery is "not taking a charge" and is fudged.
Allow the booster connection to charge the dead-battery for a few minutes before attempting to start. Remember that the booster cables are connecting with just a tiny point of copper to the battery cable or frame brace, and that tiny point of copper can only carry maybe 50 amps. And that presumes your booster cables are actually copper, not some mystery-metal plated with copper-like substance. The point is the cable from the battery to the solenoid to your starter is thick conductive copper, the connections are ring connectors under big bolts, and the ground is certain. Connected booster cables and those tiny connection points have a hard time carrying the several hundred amps of current needed to spin over that 6140 at 40 below.
If the tractor is computerized - I think a 6140 is - a battery not taking a charge is dangerous to boost. You hook up cables to booster vehicle, and system voltage is above computer-operating voltage of ~10 volts, the computer turns on, boots up, and tries to run the engine and the tractor. Then you hit crank and connect several hundred amps of starter load, those tiny booster cable connection points heat up and smoke and stop conducting, and voltage drops and computer shuts off. With computer off, starter goes off, voltage goes up computer comes on, etc. This on-off-on-off scenario is not good for that tractor computer, and computer smoke is possible if not likely.
You do not want to find out the cost of computer smoke on your 6140.
Put in a new battery.