Alternator keeps cooking itself

/ Alternator keeps cooking itself #1  

Sebculb

Gold Member
Joined
Dec 15, 2012
Messages
266
Location
SW Costa Rica
Tractor
'97 Deere 310D Backhoe
Hola everyone,

Would anyone know anything about things that can cause an alternator to repeatedly cook itself? '97 JD 310D backhoe. The alternator is relatively new, perhaps six months. I bought it from the expensive commercial electromechanic shop because they have the parts on hand and are pretty knowledgeable, if very expensive. A couple weeks ago my machine wouldn't start, batteries were dead. Checked the alternator, wasnt charging. Took it to the shop, $50 later they gave it back with new brushes and bearings, and it was charging again. Batteries wouldn't stay charged, so I got a new battery. (down to one big battery from two smaller batteries).

Charged the new battery for a bit before installing just to make sure, 12.7 volts. Checked for a drain on the system at the negative terminal just out of curiosity, and it was registering a 12.7 v drain with the machine turned off, tracked it to the alternator. Not enough amperage in the drain to turn on a bulb-style circuit tester though. Took the alternator back to the shop, they replaced a $20 diode or plate or something and gave it back to me. Still had the same drain. They said it's always gonna be there, something about a condenser or something and that the amperage is negligible on a battery. Vocabulary is translated from spanish, we're in Costa Rica.

Machine started great, strong turnover, charging at 14+ volts. Dug a small ditch at my house, couple days later went to do another job nearby. That day smelled the hot electrical smell while working, touched the alternator and it was hot enough to give me a blister burn on my hand. Let the machine cool down a bit, disconnected the alternator and drove home on battery power. Alternator was always charging but clearly not right.

Now they "fixed" it again and charged me $200. This is starting to be a pain in the ***. This time they replaced the regulator, diodes, plate and one phase of the bobbin. remember, spanish translation if it doesn't make sense. The people at the electromechanic shop say that only battery related things can do it, that if were caused by a short circuit it would register a significant battery drain while the machine is turned off. They're saying my old batteries that wouldn't accept a charge cooked it the first time and that my new battery has a defect or something and is low on charge or something and that's what cooked it this time. They got a "specialist" from a local battery shop to come and check the acid levels and he said they're low, I left it at his shop so he could do more extensive testing overnight. I'm sure they're all in cahoots.

The battery is a big 950 amp Mack battery from the local CAT dealer, can't imagine that's the problem but exhausting all their explanations before raising ****. However, if they were trying to give me a runaround, I'd expect them to tell me that my hoe's hodgepodge electrical sytem is short circuiting and that's to blame. That would be a definite possibility because previous owners have done who knows what with it, most fuses aren't connected to anything. However, the alternator shop says that's not really a possible cause.

Anyone have any insight? sorry for the long winded explanation but figured it's better to know the whole story.

Thanks!
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself #3  
Does the alternator have an internal regulator/rectifier or is it separate? It sounds like the regulator was working at some point but is the rectifier? The rectifier's job is to turn ac current to dc and it does this through diodes. Diodes are like little one way valves that only allow currant to go one way. If you have a 3 legged alternator and one diode is bad, it would be working against its self. If all of that is ok, maybe you have a major short to ground?
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself
  • Thread Starter
#4  
Thanks! ...uhh... whazzat mean? I'm sorta learning this stuff as I go. Dead short? No fuse? Does that mean there's a short going directly back to ground and no fuse to burn out before it gets out of control? How does that hit the alternator?

Thanks!
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself
  • Thread Starter
#5  
Does the alternator have an internal regulator/rectifier or is it separate? It sounds like the regulator was working at some point but is the rectifier? The rectifier's job is to turn ac current to dc and it does this through diodes. Diodes are like little one way valves that only allow currant to go one way. If you have a 3 legged alternator and one diode is bad, it would be working against its self. If all of that is ok, maybe you have a major short to ground?

I very well may have a short to ground, but the dude at the alternator shop says that wouldn't be an issue unless it's losing charge while it's turned off. Would he be wrong? Again, I dunno that much about this stuff. Thanks!
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself #6  
Shop guy is right. A bad or running the machine with no battery will burn it up. I think the gauge would show a discharge if there was a short. I'm just a trial and error guy so only repeating my experiences.
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself #7  
I don't see why no battery would fry the alternator. No reason at all. And if they persist, ask them to explain that. I bet they can't

My first question is where is the voltage regulator? Internal to the Alternator? An alternator will produce varying DC level depending on RPM, so you need a Voltage regulator.

It is usually the Diodes that will cause slight leakage, or some call it a rectifier.
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself
  • Thread Starter
#8  
It has an internal regulator. Thanks for the responses! The more I learn about it the better I can understand if the dude's a charlatan or not. Or maybe fix it myself.
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself #9  
Got access to different shop?... I would look for some place else and get different opinion...

For what you have invested in that alternator you probably could have purchases a new 1 wire "generic" alternator and all you may have had to do is adapt mount and or fan belt.... Not sure about Costa Rica but in US you can get a 40 amp 1 wire alternator new for around $60 USD... Import fees and shipping may be a killer for you though...

Dale
 
/ Alternator keeps cooking itself #10  
Your electric shop may be taking your money because you have it and they don't. They may know little more than you about the electrical system and be shining you on experimenting as they go. Either way you lose. From your tale it sounds as though they have not seen the tractor - this is all hit or miss as you bring them parts. Your description of the way the system is wired sounds as though the alternator is always connected to the battery. If that's the case it is probably trying to work with the battery and maintain current as you have the starter engaged. I think in a normal system when the starter is engaged everything else electrical is disconnected, though I could be mistaken. If the alternator is trying to "help" the battery, it is looking effectively at a short circuit for a brief period of time. This could cook the alternator in short order. You will probably continue to experience electrical problems until you get the wiring sorted out. It will probably be a lot less expensive than continuing to buy parts as you destroy them. Or you could disconnect the alternator and put the battery on a charger when not using the tractor.
 

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