As for mix design, the strongest concrete will have a high Portland cement
ratio, a low slump, and large aggregate. Mixing my own, I have done lots of
0" slump mud with 1.5" aggregate (with rebar). Super-strong and no cracks.
I doubt many people here would have a test cone or know how to use one.
For general information, slump is measured with a 12" test cone. You fill the cone with concrete, rod it carefully, then lift the cone shaped form. How far the concrete slumps is the slump. No slump is known as a dry pack. It has enough water to hydrate the cement, and no more. You have to ram it into place, and where you put it it stays. The surface does not have a smooth finish, and looks like sand and gravel. It gets very hard.
Typical flatwork concrete will be delivered with a 4" to 6" slump. That's a compromise between strength and workability. If you stay on it, you can trowel a smooth slab with a 4" slump.
Workability can be improved by adding a pozzolan, like fine fly ash. It makes the concrete pastier without affecting the strength. If you want to try a smooth finish with a 2" slump, buy a bag of pozzolan from the mason supply house and add some to the mix. Air entraining will make concrete more workable too. I liked the Mr. Bubble suggestion, and will try that someday. Sugar will ****** the cure. You can spray vertical forms with sugar water, pour them full, then strip the forms off and do a trowel finish on a vertical surface. Calcium chloride will make concrete set faster. Aluminum powder will make concrete expand because the aluminum generates hydrogen bubbles. Don't use too much. One handful in a 9 yard concrete truck is plenty.
Do not let concrete freeze until it is fully cured or it will turn to punk. A light frost is usually not a problem, because concrete generates internal heat as it cures. A hard freeze will destroy it. Concrete in hot weather is also a bad idea, though you can ask the batch plant to batch with ice to slow the chemical reaction. The best day to pour concrete is 50 degrees and overcast, with a light drizzle that starts right after you finish.