Hoss,
You really don't want to know but I'll tell you. Market loss assistance is what the govt. pays the farmers to make up for the amount of money that the crop should have made to est. a profit for the farmer. If corn is at $1.98. Well the govt. will pay you another 20-50 cents a bushel so you can make a profit after you have sold it. Oh but it gets better. You can take adv. of a very, very low interest loan from the govt. as well or NO INTEREST to play the futures market and with their MONEY. It's complicated but basically they pay you when the price isn't right or pay you to hold onto it and sell when you can make a profit.
Secondly on loan defic. payments if you cannot make your payments because you didn't make enough from your crops then the govt. will pay back the amt. that keeps you from foreclosure. Now nevermind the fact that you went out and bought a new $250,000 combine last year and now can't make the payments. That's the abuse. It was designed to help the little guy stay afloat in bad years but now, like that idiot that promotes his tax loophole book on tv, people have abused it and are getting big bucks for getting too far into debt. Alot of the big corp. do it on purpose so they can show a loss and get the assistance to pay back loans.