Many blame the poultry farms, but often with averted eyes or in lowered tones, hesitant to incriminate neighbors or friends.
A hundred miles away in Richmond, Jeff Corbin, senior scientist and deputy director of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation in Virginia, said he does not understand the hesitation to pin blame.
"It's infuriating that people are saying we don't know what's causing this," Corbin said.
The river is "choked with nitrogen and phosphorus pollution," which "makes these fish live under stressful conditions all year," he said.
Along Route 340, Stonewall Jackson Memorial Highway, roadside signs for chicken farms alternate with churches and country markets selling lures and spinners.
Just south of Luray, George Gochenour took a break from shoveling 10 months' worth of chicken droppings from his 28,000-chicken breeding farm. By week's end, he estimated, he would have 350 tons to give to a farmer down the street.
Fish kill heralds a troubled Shenandoah - The Boston Globe - Boston.com - Nation - News