Big pieces of credit score...
Debt repayment history (35%) - do you pay your debts back on time. This can be cc balances, mortgage loans, vehicle loans, etc. But, also may include medical bills, rent and utilities. This depends on if the creditor reports payments to the bureaus. Type of debts doesn't matter on this.
Credit utilization (30%) - what percentage of your available credit (revolving only) are you using? Basically, the more your cards are 'maxxed', the worse your score.
Credit history (15%) - simply how long have you had a credit score? Longer is better.
New credit (10%) - how much of your available credit is new? This includes store branded cards, bank ccs, loans, etc. Less is better. People having financial trouble often escalate credit in the months prior to BK.
Credit mix (10%) - is all of your debt in one type of loan? Better to show you can handle various types.
This is just for FICO. Banks often use their own additional criteria to determine if they will give you a loan and what APR you will be offered. One bank I worked for had a proprietary model that looked at 200+ factors. No one person knew the whole model to avoid it being gamed. One that I know of included...credit utilization trend (are you holding bigger balances now than historically). People in trouble usually have a significant uptick prior to BK.
Other common factors on getting loans...asset type, LTV (loan to value) - higher LTV is a bigger risk. DTI - debt to income - what % of your income is tied up in debts? These are not part of FICO because this info wouldn't be on a bureau.