Having been in a minor disaster area I second the part about not giving it to a national "charity"!
Samaritan's Purse has been great here. They are strictly volunteer funded by donations. As have been the Bread of Life organization. Heck, give it to the Amish Disaster Relief IF they will take it. When I tried to write them a check they acted insulted. They do fantastic work rebuilding areas hit by disaster. These are organizations that I have seen at work and they do good work.
RSKY
Just going to start with RSKY's comment.
After seeing large organizations vs small, local organizations, working in disasters, the smaller, local groups are far superior. The Baptists have a disaster organization that was amazing. The Mennonites were also awesome but I don't know if they took donations outside of the disaster. They just showed up and got to work.
When I did some research years ago, the Salvation Army seemed to use their money wisely.
Keeping the money local, where you have a chance of knowing the charity, is key. I won't give to a couple of local charities because of how they operate and treat employees. One charity is part of a nationwide organization but the local operation won't get anything from us. There is another "charity" were the owner makes volunteers sign a NDA...
Unfortunately, looking at how money is spent at so many charities, it makes me very hesitant to donate. So many charities seem to be FOR the people at the top of the organization, while the people/animals/cause who are to be helped, just seem like bait to hook the money. The only way to defeat that is to donate locally where one has visibility into the organization.
The suggestion to help out a person in need is also a good idea. We have helped people who really were trying and needed some help. It is something. It may or may not work but it is an attempt. Some people, we have too many in our family, I would not give a penny too. They are not worth a penny. They are lazy, good for nothing, and have done nothing, in spite of numerous chances, to make a better life. There are far too many people like this in the world. The key is finding the people who are worth taking a chance to see if they will do better.
I do wonder about the smaller charities like the VFW, Kiwanis, Jaycees, etc. The local Jaycees seem to be giving money to their causes, but they have also seemed to have disappeared. They were supposed to have had over 300,000 members in the mid 70's but are down to 12,500 today.
If one really wants a chance to have one's money used as one desires, you pretty much have to do it while alive, which of course is difficult for a variety of reasons.