The three types of lamps most prevalent today for street lighting are all high-intensity discharge (HID) type lamps. The three are mercury vapor, high-pressure sodium (HPS), and metal halide.
Mercury vapor lamps have a green/blue output and although the color temperature measures 5600 - 6400 Kelvin (K) it is not a continuous spectrum and has a very low color rendering index (CRI) of 15-50 (depending upon the exact lamp type). Mercury vapor efficiency is 35-65 lumens per Watt.
Color rendering index is a comparison to 5500-degree Kelvin daylight which is given a CRI of 100.
Metal halide lamps use a variety of halides with most having a color temperature above 3400. Some lamps are mixed spectrum and can appear almost white to the human eye. They are more efficient than mercury vapor lamps but not as efficient as HPS. Metal halide lamps have a range of color temperatures from as low as 2,000 Kelvin to as high as 20,000 Kelvin. The color rendering index can be very good with a range from 60-90. Metal halide efficiency is 50-115 lumens per Watt.
High-pressure sodium has a very low color temperature of 1900 - 2100 degrees Kelvin and is not a continuous spectrum. They have a color rendering index of about 20-65 depending upon the lamp type and manufacturer. The lamps cost less to run and last longer than mercury vapor or metal halide. To the human eye, the color ranges from orange-brown to nearly white with the newer "color improved" lamps. High-pressure sodium efficiency is 70-140 lumens per Watt.
Another advantage to HPS lamps is the light output degrades less over the life of the lamp. Most street lighting today is HPS because of lumen output, lamp longevity, and efficiency. LED street lights are becoming available but they still do not have the lumen output of HPS or metal halide. They are competitive with mercury vapor lamps for light output but not price. The CRI of LEDs is in a range of 80-95, meaning colors are rendered much better with LED street lights.