Our big John Deere's have what JD calls "power shift". You can't change direction but you can advance in gears within a particular range and you down shift within that range also. If you want to change range you must clutch. Most of ours have 4 ranges with 3 intermediate gears in each range. An example would be if you were going down the road from field to field, you'd be in High Range. You'd start out in High 1, push the lever forward to 2 to increase ground speed and then to 3 for the highest speed. When slowing down, you do the opposite. You never use the clutch except when stopping or changing direction or range shift.
The power transition from H1-H2-H3 is pretty abrupt so it's advisable to throttle back.
In the lower ranges it's not. When you are in the field, cultipacking for instance, you'd be in L1. If the ground is pretty loose, you'd advance to L2 or L3. The shift isn't abrupt in the lower ranges due to gear multiplication. Besides, the implement is putting a strain on the tractor so you'd not feel the shift anyway.
I know that's kind of complicated, but that's how JD's and most ag tractor transmissions work. What I have described is a 12-12 powershift transmission.