There is an inductive "kick" that induces a high voltage surge from the ballast that "ignites", i.e. starts the arc inside the tube. Without a ground the lamp fixture is sorta like a bird on a wire, they don't feel the voltage. You know how when a fluorescent is first turned on it may make a repetitive ping ping sound accompanied by flashes of light in the tube (especially compact flourescents and rapid start, i.e. no-replaceable-starter type ballasts)? Those are high voltage pulses from the ballast to "strike" the arc in the mercury vapor filling the tube.
Often, if you can reach a fluorescent that is having trouble starting (especially if it is due to bad ground and or it is cold) and wipe across it with something to produce static electrticity, i.e. wool, fur, nylon cloth, dry hand, or similar, the static electricity produced by rubbing the dissimilar insulators, e.g. glass envelope and the wool, will ionize the mercury vapor and the light will start right up.
Patrick