If you can pull a bumper hitch, then you can pull a gooseneck even more easily. Yes, fewer people have a gooseneck hitch in their pickup. Many do not realize that you can get a hitch which can be removed so you have a flat pickup bed when not trailering.
There are LOTS of physics behind why a gooseneck is more stable than a bumper hitch. Weight is directly on rear and front wheels, no leverage lifting front wheels and no leverage pushing rear end around dramatically when you get out of the straight-in-line situation. Yes, a 150 will pull a gooseneck for your purposes. A gooseneck has a tad more metal in it than a bumper hitch thus a tad heavier. Either way, the pulling capability is a factor of how much load you have in the trailer. BY FAR, an overloaded gooseneck pulls MUCH BETTER than a bumper hitch, even with a f150. And, you WILL sometime overload it...you will. Ground contact is clearly more because weight is on tires, not bouncing vehicle up and down....trailer weight distribution is not nearly as critical with a gooseneck.
Yes, LOTS of people successfully use a bumper hitch attached to cars, pickups, etc. I did so myself. Many, many white knuckled trips made with cattle bouncing around in bumper hitch trailer and making their forces felt in the towing vehicle, carefully applying the brakes and hoping that things went ok...
When I got a gooseneck, I was AMAZED at the difference...I almost forgot I was towing a trailer. In my opinion, a gooseneck is about 10 times safer than a bumper hitch. Not under "normal, OK" conditions, but when things get really crazy. Panic stops, really bouncy cattle in the rear, slick rainy or icy condition, going around curves too fast, etc....I could go on and on.
Yes, you can get the job done with either. Many have. If, over time, you are anticipating an expanding operation and upgrading to a larger pickup, I would go now for the trailer you can use for a good time and not be concerned about upgrading a trailer in the future.
Perhaps someone else with experience with both trailers and hauling live loads of cattle can comment on their perception of safety differences between the two trailer types.
Something like this would work...
24 ft gooseneck stock trailer, dual axel, solid floor & frame, TRD ok