I'm not familiar with a lot of the other companies, but Kubota has been making the B and BX series rear axles out of aluminum for many years, I haven't noticed a problem with failures in those models.
Even the
B26 tlb uses an aluminum rear axle and that is commonly used as a rental.
Materials have their place, engineering and material grade selection are very important.
It also comes down to cost, using cast iron or steel just cost less for the strength factor, and since weight isnt an issue then it makes sense. Does that mean cast iron is superior to aluminum? No, it just fits the application better from an economics and application standpoint
My application is a tractor that can have the weight removed and tread lightly when I'm doing landscaping on yards, I have a B series Kubota and it fits my application.
I'm not worried about the rear axle and I don't always take it easy on my machine.
I was called the other day about repairing a broken cast axle housing for a NH tc33 I believe, it wasn't practical to repair so I looked for a replacement, based on the amount of broken axle housings or junked tractors with the housings missing that I found, I'm guessing it is a somewhat common failure.
Was it because it was made of cast iron? Probably not, more likely just not properly engineered or cast.