The gray market is a 2nd hand market which has been going on for a long time with cars, tractors, trucks, machine tools.... just about anything. In this case, grey market tractors are overseas models of name brand tractors which were sold new in some other country than the US and then imported into the the US as used machines - all without going through the US dealer's system. Kubota and Yanmar models are popular on the gray market because of their high quality and worldwide sales. Grey market models are typically sold here for a fraction of what a similar US model used tractor would cost. Not surprisingly US dealerships tend to hate the corresponding grey market models. There are good buys to be had in grey market tractors, and good reliable grey market dealers too. But you need a lot of mechanical knowledge, a source of sound parts, and the ability to tell a good grey market dealer from the hucksters.
How does a grey market come about? In some countries - at one time Japan was an example - the government supported their export machinery manufacturers by by making it financially difficult for their small domestic landholders to keep on working with older machines. New machine production and sales are encrouraged by requiring annual use fees (licensing) that rises rapidly as the farm machinery ages. This is then coupled with a decreasing depreciation schedules. Not surprisingly, that combo kills off their domestic used tractor market and trade-in value. The farmer has an incentive to buy new, but what about his old machines which were designed to last forever? The solution is either the scrapyard of the grey market buyer.
Grey market buyers overseas go around and buy up these old tractors for low prices, put as many as possible in a shipping container, label the container in a way to best bypass tariffs and trade restrictions, and hope to ship it somewhere to make a profit. The quality and parts availability on these tractors ranges from almost impossible to easy. Some are heavily worn and little more than running junk, and others are only lightly used and well maintained.
One big advantage for the mechanically talented or mechanical hobbyist kind of guy is that the grey market favors the types of machines that were designed to last and to be rebuilt. As a result, the grey market tries to concentrate on models with a lot of original quality and classic or unusual features.... keeping in mind that a lot of junk can be added to a shipping container just to fill up space....
Grey markets flourish because of trade policies, internal legislation, lack of manufacturing, and comparative dollar value. The target consumer either has no domestic manufacturers of their own, or a population with more mechanical resources and need than money.
rScotty