A wax candle or something with wax is your friend in this case. Just weld the washer on and then touch the area around with the wax. The wax will flow into the treads and lubricate them. Then weld your nut on and do the same thing with the wax.
Put a flat wrench on the nut and start to work the stud back and forth. Most times after a few minutes you will start to get movement. Taping the edge of the casting with a hammer where the bolt is also helps. It also helps to tap the top of the nut a few times. Keep working the wrench back and forth. Once you fell a bit of movement you've won the battle. If you nut breaks off start over. I've never had a broken off stud that I couldn't remove doing this. Most times I can get the threads out with one welded nut. Sometimes it takes two but I've never had to weld on more than three nuts. Lots of wax is your friend!
I might try that on that last bolt, thanks for the tip...........
Brass nuts, never heard of that, but what holds the muffler on is bolts, not sure if there would be brass bolts around here or not, worth a look see.If and when you get those broken studs out; when replacing the muffler use brass nuts and a heat proof thread lubricant. Brass nut are the most common way to secure exhaust system bolting. The extreme heat does not cause the brass nuts to corrode. Brass nuts are easy to split with a chisel in the future also.
Ron