How can such swings have this kind of energy impact? Isn't heat, well, heat and heating something back to the level it was beforehand cost more? It should cost less but I don't understand the heat concept.
The idea is a simple one, let's say in heating your set point is 70 degrees and at that temp your comfortable, in order to maintain that 70 degrees takes X amount of energy all day.
If you lower the temp by 2 degrees for 10 hours of the day and multiply that by 365 it adds up to 3,650 hours of 2 degrees less you had to heat which is a measurable less amount of energy saved per year.
In your house if your set point is 70 degrees everything in your house is 70 degrees, the walls, floors, carpet ext. that's your load, that's what the furnace is heating as well as the air, it's like having a freezer full of frozen goods and unplugging the freezer, that space will stay cold a longer time because of the BTU's the frozen goods are absorbing.
Now take that house that was 70 degrees and lower it to 60 degrees, it cools off everything in the house, when you flip the stat back up to 70 degrees it now has to heat up the whole house again, it has to run harder and longer to catch up, the harder and longer it's running to catch up exceeds the energy it originally took to keep the load at a consistent temp.
A better example would be a hot water tank, that hot water tank will run an average of 3 hours per day, that's how they get there estimated yearly cost of operation.
So normally that tank runs for 3 hours a day to keep 40 gallons of water at 120 degrees. Let's drop that temp down a few degrees for 15 hours a day and now it runs for 2 hours and 50 mins a day but you still have the 120 degree water when you need it. Shutting your furnace off for 8 hours a day is like opening the hot side faucet for 20 mins, that tank is now gonna be on for over an hour to get that temp back up to 120 so now it runs for 4 hours total that day. If that makes sense.
Lowering the temp of a house or appliance for 8-10 hours a day will save energy, but swing too much and you burnt more energy up than you net to save.