You need to do some significant beefing up of that deck.
It is hard to tell in the pics, but what is the rim joist? It looks pretty thick, like maybe 3 boards? but I cannot tell what they are?
I dont even think doubling up is gonna meet requirements. The one load table I glanced at only went to 100psf load. And for that, a 2x8 on 12" centers was only good to span 9'2".
And the highest I can go with a quick online calc is 120psf total load. (100 live and 20 dead). And minimum calls for 2x10's every 12".
So given your situation, I think you will need to triple the 2x8's you have (at least where the deck is.) Make a double 2x8 every 24" (add one to each one that is already there). Then add a single in between each of those.
And we havent even addressed how it is attached to the house. I am not a fan of attaching decks to the house. I much prefer a free-standing deck. If you have access to the inside, I'd try do do some thru bolts