It MAY be possible, but I have never tried it. The only nailing I have ever done into concrete is with the special cut masonry nails, and I doubt if there is an air nailer available that will even accept those type. We have a block basement,
during this winter I have been studding some of the exterior walls for insulation and drywall application. What I do is fasten down a pressure treated 2X4 to the concrete floor for a sill, using concrete screws (which require drilling) and construction adhesive. I then build the stud wall lying flat on the floor, but make it an inch and a half shorter than the actual floor to ceiling measurement. Once it's done I set it atop the treated sill and fasten it to both joists and sill. It's not required to fasten any of the vertical studs to the blocks using this method.
If someone else knows a better way to do this, or if it is possible to use an air nailer on concrete block, let me know.