If it is an older hose, it's a good possibility, it had just seen it's better days. If done at an idle, when you first tried the backhoe, it may have already been leaking, if in a spot where you couldn't see it. The second time you tried it, if it was at a little higher RPM's, it may have split the hose more, relieving that pressure,when put under a load.
On both the old 310B, and my newer 480C, if at an idle, and I happen to pressurize the loader, or backhoe, to the limit of the cylinder travel, making it open the relief valve, it will kill the engine. So, if you did this at an idle, I'd think it would kill the engine IF the relief valve is/was stuck.
Replace the hose, and feather the control at an an idle, and see what happens. With a new hose, if the relief valve is stuck, and deadheads the pump, it should kill the engine. If that is the case, then you can trouble shoot further.
Here is a link I hope you find useful. I found it 8-9 years ago, when working on my old 310B. It is for a 530CK, but loader, and backhoe units are used on both tractors. Plus, has manuals for the tractor unit itself. You'll need to use the rotate arrow at top right, to make it a lot easier to read.
http://home.microtech.com/mikef/530CK/manuals.php