Engines are air pumps. In order for an air pump to pull vacuum, air into the air pump must be restricted. In gasoline engines, the restriction is the throttle plate which is the devise that governs the amount of air let into the engine-air-pump.
As a result of combustion, the metered air allowed into the engine is mixed with fuel and ignited. In the process of burning, the volume of "air" inside the air pump expands. This expansion from burning the air-fuel mixture is out to work to spin the air pump faster. After the expansion of the air charge is completed, the expended air charge is purged out through the exhaust port through of process of compression and scavenging.
The scavenged air charge still retains energy. On turbo applications, this residual energy is used to spin a fan before flowing out through the rest of the exhaust system. The fan the exhaust gases spins is connected to a compressor fan via an axel.
Unless the air filter is overly restrictive, in front of the throttle plate is the entire weight of the atmosphere. But like a turbine engine, on turbo applications, between the air filter and throttle plate is a compressor that compresses the intake charge. As the intake charge is compressed, it heats up and so thoughtful turbo application run the compressed intake charge through a type of "radiator" called an intercooler to cool the compressed intake charge. Thus under normal conditions, so long as the turbo is spinning, the intercooler is always under some type of positive pressure.
Under sudden wide open conditions, where the throttle plates are opened wide at idle or low rpm allowing manifold vacuum into the intake runner before the turbo can spin up and provide positive pressure, understand that manifold vacuum can only "reach up" the intake only so far before being overwhelmed by atmospheric pressure, and due to intake scavenging , the movement of air already in the intake system, we cannot pull manifold vacuum in an intercooler despite the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet typical of air to air intercooler designs.
Please forgive any typos. This is the longest iPhone post I've ever made.